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Inclusive Dance Education
Teaching dance for multiple intelligences and movers with varying physical and intellectual abilities

 

  • Explicitly teaching your students about valuing one another's diversity and differences is important in establishing an inclusive environment where students feel safe and encouraged to dance and move regardless of their abilities. I believe it is important for teachers to move past their perceptions of what students may or may not be capable of and like the Candoco Dance Company, view everyone with the ability to communicate via movement regardless of their differences.  Likewise, Morgan Jai-Moricome an Independent Community Arts Worker and Founder of The Radiance Dance Project sees differences as an advantage, rather than a hindrance that increases the depth and diversity of creative experiences.  

 

  • As a class we discussed the various ways we had seen students be included into the dance classroom. Some of these were: 

-Having Auslan translators for deaf students to communicate instructions 

-Catering for students in wheelchairs by varying the movements, especially the locomotion aspect

-Students being included in the creation of the movements 

-the teacher designing appropriate moves and timing where all students can have access 

 

  • Inclusive dance practices is incorporated in the curriculum through the following domains:
    -Interpersonal Development: students work with people from a variety of background
    -Civics and Citizenship: identity, belonging and diversity is valued
    -Communication: there are multiple literacies to communicate through including dance.  

 

  • It was also interesting that a few of us hadn't seen dance being taught in our placement experiences despite the national curriculum stating that ALL the arts should be taught in schools. There are various challenges that prevent dance being taught including:
    -Perceptions of dance: emphasis on drama or performing, a form of celebration
    -Emphasis on the end product rather than the proces
    -Who is capable of dance eg. boys won't want to dance
    -"Too hard attitude
    -Teacher and student perceptions

 

  • A challenge that was mentioned in the Physically Being Me youtube video by one of the dancers was that she didn't have any role models-dancers with disabilities that had gone before her to encourage her that she could succeed in dance. This appropriate role modeling is important especially for students with physical or intellectual disabilities to establish self-determination and a perception that they can achieve the same level of success as able-bodied peers. 

 

  • Morgan Jai-Moricome says that her dance company uses improvisation as a way to explore movement and dance making. Likewise, Rank  (2014, p22) suggests that improvisation be used for an inclusive education program as it is "a valuable way for children to incorporate imagination, new ideas, feelings and kinetic understanding of their own bodies and the space around them". She calls improvisation structures Scores and says they should provide a clear focus and control mechanisms. Rank (2014, p22) also says that an inclusive education program should be open-ended in nature and enable student exploration rather than limiting students to a style or technique. 

View the photos above to see how our group made the various formations. It is interesting to see how we had different interpretations of what Jacqui asked us to do eg. get in a line that shows the different levels (first two photos). 

Above and below photos:
Inclusive Dance  facilitated by Jacqui Fenwick 25/8/2014 Making Shapes ECA410 Deakin Uni

The above videoes shows how Ashleigh broke up the movement into steps to instruct Chris and Adele. She used appropriate language such as pointed toes and related it to imagery - the flamigo. When they did the movement wrong, she corrected them.
Above Videos
Inclusive Dance  facilitated by Jacqui Fenwick_25/8/2014_Artist Activity_ECA410_Deakin Uni

Inclusive Dance  facilitated by Jacqui http://youtu.be/zVvSeOmDDJUFenwick_25/8/2014_Flamigo_ECA410_Deakin Uni http://youtu.be/NrDn77bEGoQ

 

 

 

Our symmetrical and asymmetrical formations and 8 counts of movements to transition between them. 

Inclusive Dance facilitated by Jacqui Fenwick 25/8/2014 Group Performance ECA410 Deakin Uni http://youtu.be/gK6qtmN2XT0

References

 

All Youtube Videos, YouTube, Katie Hines, August 2014, accessed 27 August 2014, (URLs all above)

 

Candoco Repertory Compliation Video 2005-2010, 2014. YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6loZ4cfxOC8, accessed 25 August 2014 

 

ECA401_Geelong, (2014) Morgan Jai-Moricome Interview 2, Deakin University 

 

Fenwick, J (2014), Workshop Two, ECA410, Primary Arts Education, DANCE/DRAMA, 25th August, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds

 

ILL-Abilities Crew at SFHHDF (2009), YouTube. 2014. ILL-Abilities Crew at SFHHDF 2009 – YouTube,  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ci836MXdWY4 , accessed 25 August 2014

 

Physically Being Me - Six Stories from Deaf and Disabled Dancers by Foundation for Community Dance - YouTube. 2014. Physically Being Me - Six Stories from Deaf and Disabled Dancers by Foundation for Community Dance - YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FevlnDRrWSU. accessed 25 August 2014 

 

Rank, K, (2014) Teaching Primary Dance, Education Services Australia Limited

 

Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority, (2014), The Arts Curriculum, http://ausvels.vcaa.vic.edu.au/The-Arts/Curriculum accessed 26 August 2014

You are only limited by your own mind.

-ILL Abilities Crewmember

Above video shoes how we mirror imaged our partner. The video below shows how we mirrored but added locomotion.

Above: Inclusive Dance facilitated by Jacqui Fenwick 25/8/2014 Mirror Image ECA410 Deakin Uni http://youtu.be/tjM-wQY1GIk

Below: Inclusive Dance facilitated by Jacqui Fenwick 25/8/2014 Mirror Image 2 ECA410 Deakin Uni http://youtu.be/ezwrPrVjnmw

This video shows how we moved through the various qualities of movements and mirror imaged our partner. As you can see there were various improvisations of the qualities. This illustrates the multiple entry points you have when teaching dance. By scaffolding the language, students learn more about their movements and how they link with the various qualities of dance. Using mirror imaging allows students to work off each other until they feel comfortable making their own moves up.  

Inclusive Dance facilitated by Jacqui Fenwick 25/8/2014 Mirror Image 3 ECA410 Deakin Uni http://youtu.be/s4P49_aJ0eU

This video shows a short section of my groups Mirror, Mould, Extend. Chris, Ash and I flowed on from each other and used the pose the previous person had done to establish what we would do. This activity allows for freedom and creativity. Depending on the music, movements may be more percussive and vibratory rather than swinging and collapsing such as in our groups performance.  

Inclusive Dance facilitated by Jacqui Fenwick 25/8/2014 Mirror, Mould, extend, ECA410 Deakin Uni http://youtu.be/nTLyNI137No

Below Inclusive Dance facilitated by Jacqui Fenwick 25/8/2014 Machines ECA410 Deakin http://youtu.be/TG9pzkVIvuk

The videos show the variety of movements we chose. You can see how Chris and Ashleigh are mirroring and I extended off from Chris as he went down, I went up. Doing the previous activity before this one gave us the confidence to formulate a movement. Entertainment factor was high! 

Inclusive Dance facilitated by Jacqui Fenwick 25/8/2014 Machines 2 ECA410 http://youtu.be/KFOpCt9yfPI

The below photos:
Inclusive Dance  facilitated by Jacqui Fenwick 25/8/2014 Blindfolded Activities ECA410 Deakin Uni

For below videos (in order)

Inclusive Dance  facilitated by Jacqui Fenwick_25/8/2014_Scarf Warm Up_ECA410_Deakin Uni http://youtu.be/YMfD0EYSSoQ

 

Inclusive Dance  facilitated by Jacqui Fenwick_25/8/2014_Scarf Warm Up 2_ECA410_Deakin Uni http://youtu.be/9wmPe6esIBQ

 

Inclusive Dance  facilitated by Jacqui Fenwick_25/8/2014_Scarf Warm Up In Circle_ECA410_Deakin Uni http://youtu.be/4uO9Ef70JK4

Warm up

  • Our warm up required us to use a scarf as an extension of our body and move in whatever way we chose only use our arms as we sat down in our own space. Requiring us to use a scarf assisted our improvisation of movements as we moved the scarf to the music which Jacqui changed every 30 seconds or so. How the music changed, led to us changing the movements of our arms and scarves. This made us think more carefully about the various movements. As we started to warm up more, we moved onto our legs and added more dynamic movements until we eventually were walking around moving. 

If I were to do this warm up in my classroom, I would choose slower music to begin with and gradually increase the tempo of the songs as the students become warmed up. I might use the album Takk by Sigur Ros, EMI Records, 2006 for the more ambient music and progress to music such as ABBA Greatest Hits, 1995, Polygram Video. Jacqui emphasised at the start of the lesson that you should have either all students with shoes on, or off to avoid feet being stood on. Socks can also be hazardous on slippery floors or carpets and it would be important to be aware of in the classroom. 

  • The next warm up activity was called Together, Together. Standing in a circle, one by one, students initiate a simple, repetitive movement which is performed four to eight times. The repetition allows a rhythm to be established and the opportunity for students to identify the physical requirements of the movement (Rank, 2014, p16). After the movement has been repeated several times, the next student introduces a new movement. To assist students in the process of creating a movement, you can prompt them to use specific body parts such as the feet, arms, knees or toes. 

This activity was beneficial to warming us up because as we progressed through the movements, they got more dynamic such as lunges and locomotive movements of moving into the middle of the circle. You could adapt this game in various ways as students continue to warm up their bodies by introducing traveling movements, elevations and falls as well as changing the speed and direction. You could also explore the various dance structures such as canon where students would only do the movement after the student preceding them or contrast where you would require students to improvise movements that contrasted one another such as high and low levels. 
Throughout this activity, Jacqui once again emphasised safe movement practices by ensuring we used soft knees in all the movements. 

 

Teaching about inclusive practices

  • Using the scarves from the warm up, we split the class into those that were to be blindfolded and those who would be safety supervisors. Jacqui instructed the supervisors to move the blindfolded into a line and then asked us to get in height order without talking. We then discussed how it made us feel. We all agreed that being blindfolded and moved around was uncomfortable and we felt unsure and unsafe moving around without talking as we weren't aware of the proximity of one another. We also agreed that we felt more safe when we held hands with the person next to us. 

  • The next task asked the safety supervisors to position a blindfolded partner to a space and move our body into a shape of their choice. Once they had done so we once again discussed how this made us feel. The difference was this time we felt more comfortable as our partners told us where they were moving us to, spoke to us clearly and articulated how they were moving our body parts. The close proximity also helped in making us feel secure as we knew they were with us. These two small tasks illustrated to us the importance of making students feel safe in the dance classroom. 

 

The next activity emphasised how important clear, concise communication is. It illustrated that the dance teacher doesn't always have to be a dancer, but merely be able to communicate effectively what he or she wants the students to do. This activity also made links to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences as there are multiple ways of teaching movements - not just through actions and imitation. 

  • For this activity we were in groups of 3-4. In my group I had Chris, Adele and Ashleigh. We had to have two replicators who were blindfolded, a sculpture who makes the shape and artist who communicates to the replicators what the shape is. After we did this a few times, the sculpture had to make a movement rather than a still position for the blindfolded to replicate. This was more difficult for the artist to communicate. In this instance I was the sculpture and my movement included walking on my toes, lifting my knees one at a time and lifting my arms in a bird like manner as I lifting my knee and walked forward. Ashleigh, the artist communicated really effectively to Chris and Adele who were blindfolded. She broke up the movement into various steps and got Chris and Adele to practice that step before adding another component of the movement. In discussion with the class we established the artist would often use various terminology, imagery and connect the movement to what they already know such as "flap your arms like a bird" or "the movement is like a burpee". This activity was really interesting to participate in as being blindfolded meant that you felt off center and your balance was off. The replicated movement was often slightly different to the movement they were imitating. 

 

Body of the Lesson

  • Jacqui split the class in two and made us make various shapes, letters and numbers using our bodies in competition with the other group as we had to be the first to complete the formation. This was difficult because it limited our creativeness as the competition wasn't based on the quality of the product but rather on speed. This illustrated to us that emphasis shouldn't be put on how quickly a student can do something, but rather the creativeness communicated through movements. 

  • One of the formations we had to get in was symmetrical and then asymmetrical. Jacqui then extended the expressive intention and required us to create 8 counts of movements moving from our asymmetrical formation into our symmetrical. This resulted in the groups each creating a short phrase which we performed to one another. 

In my classroom, I would use this idea and extend on it by getting students to teach one another their groups phrase and therefore creating a section of dance. You could require students to include various choreographic devices in their phrases such as addition, inversion or retrograde. Students could then perform the section of dance to accompanying music. I would then discuss the creation process and evaluate the dance with the students. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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  • The next activity required us to work in partners where the follower would mirror the leader's movements. Jacqui asked us to go through the various qualities of movements: sustained (continuous), swinging, percussive (sharp, strong), vibratory (small, short) and collapsing. This was a quick activity that allowed us to improvise the various dance qualities. 

  • The activity was in alignment with AusVELS Level 5 in The Arts which states in Dance, students mirror the movements of a partner and then perform the same movements expressing contrasting emotions.

  • In my classroom I would model the terminology of the qualities of movements but ensure I described them in a way that students understood. I would get students to observe other partners as they moved and comment on the various aspects of their movements to further teach them about the qualities whilst developing an understanding that there are multiple ways to move and dance and no right way. 

  • Jacqui then asked us to move around the room doing a sustained movement in canon meaning we would do the movement after our partner. This activity deemed quite difficult as it required the leader to think quickly about the movements they would do. I think I would structure this activity a bit more and ask students to do some of the movements we had been doing previously or alternatively select movements together as a class. You could adapt this task to teach students about the various ways we can move by getting them to mirror in unison, contrast and canon and discuss and compare the three. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  • The second last activity for today's class was called Mirror, Mould, Extend. In groups of three, we take turns either mirroring the other person's shape, moulding around the person or extending the movement. I was with Chris and Ashleigh and we took in turns to move in locomotion to a still movement and then the next person would add to this. It was really interesting to see the various formations the other groups would produce. I think this activity would be good to use for the upper years as it involved more intricate formations as we looped through each other's arms, under legs and in-between one another. It also required us to improvise on the spot but using our group members position to work off. I think this activity lends itself to lots of various alterations and modifications that enable you to cater for a wide variety of abilities in dance. You could emphasise a particular body part or body action (GLEFTS). Each member could have a different body part they focus on and you could alter the expressive intention to something such as each member must be on a different level. 

 

  • The last activity was called Machines. Jacqui started off by making a movement with a sound and then like the previous activity, the next person comes up and mirrors, moulds or extends onto that movement and also makes a noise. Once we had everyone in a line, Jacqui told us to get faster and louder and then slower. This could be used as a warm down if you progressively got slower and slower. You could ask students why they chose that movement and get them to explain how it extends off the person before them. 

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